Characterization of Nd3+-doped Tellurite Glasses with Low OH Content
Abstract:
This work presents the results of the investigation of structural and thermal properties of Nd3+-doped tellurite glasses with low OH content. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DTA, UV/VIS/NIR and Archimedes’ method. Tellurite glasses of composition (100 – x)(0.8TeO2 + 0.2WO3) + xNd2O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mol%) were prepared in both ambient and oxygen atmospheres. All samples showed an increase of the values of Tg, Tx, and Tx-Tg with Nd2O3 addition. The reduction of OH content implies a slight decrease of Tg. The density and the molar volume of the glasses increased with Nd2O3. The intensity of the absorption bands associated with Te-O bonds of TeO4 units decreased compared with the bands associated with Te-O bonds of TeO3+1/3 units. This indicates that Nd2O3 favors the transformation of the TeO4 groups in TeO3 groups via TeO3+1, increasing the NBOs and contributing to the formation of strongly hydrogen-bonded OH groups. The samples made in O2 showed a reduction of 48% of “free” OH ions compared with the Amb ones.Keywords:
tungsten-tellurite glasses, rare-earth, low OH content
This work presents the results of the investigation of structural and thermal properties of Nd3+-doped tellurite glasses with low OH content. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DTA, UV/VIS/NIR and Archimedes’ method. Tellurite glasses of composition (100 – x)(0.8TeO2 + 0.2WO3) + xNd2O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mol%) were prepared in both ambient and oxygen atmospheres. All samples showed an increase of the values of Tg, Tx, and Tx-Tg with Nd2O3 addition. The reduction of OH content implies a slight decrease of Tg. The density and the molar volume of the glasses increased with Nd2O3. The intensity of the absorption bands associated with Te-O bonds of TeO4 units decreased compared with the bands associated with Te-O bonds of TeO3+1/3 units. This indicates that Nd2O3 favors the transformation of the TeO4 groups in TeO3 groups via TeO3+1, increasing the NBOs and contributing to the formation of strongly hydrogen-bonded OH groups. The samples made in O2 showed a reduction of 48% of “free” OH ions compared with the Amb ones.Keywords:
tungsten-tellurite glasses, rare-earth, low OH content
References
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3. Çelikbilek M, Ersundu AE, Solak N and Aydin S. Investigation on thermal and microstructural characterization of the TeO2-WO3 system. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2011; 509(18):5646-5654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.02.109.
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5. Kuan PW, Li K, Zhang G, Wang X, Zhang L, Bai G, et al. Compact broadband amplified spontaneous emission in Tm3+-doped tungsten tellurite glass double-cladding single-mode fiber. Optical Materials Express. 2013; 3(6):723-728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.3.000723.
6. Kalaycioglu H, Cankaya H, Ozen G, Ovecoglu L and Sennaroglu A. Lasing at 1065 nm in bulk Nd3+-doped telluride-tungstate glass. Optics Communications. 2008; 281(24):6056-6060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.08.053.
7. Cankaya H and Sennaroglu A. Bulk Nd3+-doped tellurite glass laser at 1.37 μm. Applied Physics. B, Lasers and Optics. 2010; 99(1-2):121-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-009-3752-0.
8. Wang JS, Machewirth DP, Wu F, Snitzer E and Vogel EM. Neodymium-doped tellurite single-mode fiber laser. Optics Letters. 1994; 19(18):1448-1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.19.001448. PMid:19855548.
9. Lei N, Xu B and Jiang Z. Ti:sapphire laser pumped Nd: tellurite glass laser. Optics Communications. 1996; 127(4-6):263-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(96)00099-5.
10. Iparraguirre I, Azkargorta J, Fernández-Navarro JM, Al-Saleh M, Fernández J and Balda R. Laser action and upconversion of Nd3+ in tellurite bulk glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2007; 353(8-10):990-992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.12.103.
11. Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Kuan K, Oermann MR, Knight K and Monro TM. Extruded tellurite glass and fibers with low OH content for mid-infrared applications. Optical Materials Express. 2012; 2(4):432-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.2.000432.
12. Wang PF, Li WN, Peng B and Lu M. Effect of dehydration techniques on the fluorescence spectral features and OH absorption of heavy metals containing fluoride tellurite glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2012; 358(4):788-793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.12.029.
13. Navarra G, Iliopoulos I, Militello V, Rotolo SG and Leone M. OH-related infrared absorption bands in oxide glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2005; 351(21-23):1796-1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.04.018.
14. Kamalaker V, Upender G, Ramesh C and Mouli VC. Raman spectroscopy, thermal and optical properties of TeO2-ZnO-Nb2O5-Nd2O3 glasses. Spectrochimica Acta. Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2012; 89:149-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.12.057. PMid:22261103.
15. Callister WD Jr. Materials science and engineering: an introduction. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2000.
16. Shaltout I, Tang Y, Braunstein R and Abu-Elazm AM. Structural studies of tungstate-tellurite glasses by raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 1995; 56(1):141-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(94)00150-2.
17. Upender G, Bharadwaj S, Awasthi AM and Chandra Mouli V. Glass transition temperature-structural studies of tungstate tellurite glasses. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2009; 118(2-3):298-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.07.058.
18. Hager IZ and El-Mallawany R. Preparation and structural studies in the (70-x)TeO2-20WO3-10Li2O-xLn2O3 glasses. Journal of Materials Science. 2010; 45(4):897-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-4017-3.
19. Jlassi I, Elhouichet H and Ferid M. Thermal and optical properties of tellurite glasses doped erbium. Journal of Materials Science. 2011; 46(3):806-812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4820-x.
20. Ersundu AE, Çelikbilek M and Aydin S. Characterization of B2O3 and/or WO3 containing tellurite glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2012; 358(3):641-647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.11.012.
21. Nazabal V, Todoroki S, Nukui A, Matsumoto T, Suehara S, Hondo T, et al. Oxyfluoride tellurite glasses doped by erbium: thermal analysis, structural organization and spectral properties. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2003; 325(1-3):85-102.
22. Liao G, Chen Q, Xing J, Gebavi H, Milanese D, Fokine M, et al. Preparation and characterization of new fluorotellurite glasses for photonics application. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2009; 355:447-452.
23. Hager IZ, El-Mallawany R and Bulou A. Luminescence spectra and optical properties of TeO2-WO3-Li2O glasses doped with Nd, Sm and Er rare earth ions. Physica B: Condensed Matter. 2011; 406:972-980.
24. Efimov AM, Kostyreva TG and Sycheva GA. Water-related IR absorption spectra for alkali zinc pyrophosphate glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1998; 238:124-142.
25. O’Donnell MD, Miller CA, Furniss D, Tikhomirov VK and Seddonet AB. Fluorotellurite glasses with improved mid-infrared transmission. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2003; 331:48-57.
26. Massera J, Haldeman A, Jackson J, Rivero-Baleine C, Petit L and Richardson K. Processing of tellurite-based glass with low OH content. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2011; 94(1):130-136.
1. Jha A, Richards B, Jose G, Teddy-Fernandez T, Joshi P, Jiang X, et al. Rare-earth ion doped TeO2 and GeO2 glasses as laser materials. Progress in Materials Science. 2012; 57(8):1426-1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.04.003.
2. Wang JS, Vogel EM and Snitzer E. Tellurite glass: a new candidate for fiber devices. Optical Materials. 1994; 3(3):187-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-3467(94)90004-3.
3. Çelikbilek M, Ersundu AE, Solak N and Aydin S. Investigation on thermal and microstructural characterization of the TeO2-WO3 system. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2011; 509(18):5646-5654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.02.109.
4. Conti GN, Berneschi S, Bettinelli M, Brenci M, Chen B, Pelli S, et al. Rare-earth doped tungsten tellurite glasses and waveguides: fabrication and characterization. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2004; 345-346:343-348.
5. Kuan PW, Li K, Zhang G, Wang X, Zhang L, Bai G, et al. Compact broadband amplified spontaneous emission in Tm3+-doped tungsten tellurite glass double-cladding single-mode fiber. Optical Materials Express. 2013; 3(6):723-728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.3.000723.
6. Kalaycioglu H, Cankaya H, Ozen G, Ovecoglu L and Sennaroglu A. Lasing at 1065 nm in bulk Nd3+-doped telluride-tungstate glass. Optics Communications. 2008; 281(24):6056-6060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.08.053.
7. Cankaya H and Sennaroglu A. Bulk Nd3+-doped tellurite glass laser at 1.37 μm. Applied Physics. B, Lasers and Optics. 2010; 99(1-2):121-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-009-3752-0.
8. Wang JS, Machewirth DP, Wu F, Snitzer E and Vogel EM. Neodymium-doped tellurite single-mode fiber laser. Optics Letters. 1994; 19(18):1448-1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.19.001448. PMid:19855548.
9. Lei N, Xu B and Jiang Z. Ti:sapphire laser pumped Nd: tellurite glass laser. Optics Communications. 1996; 127(4-6):263-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(96)00099-5.
10. Iparraguirre I, Azkargorta J, Fernández-Navarro JM, Al-Saleh M, Fernández J and Balda R. Laser action and upconversion of Nd3+ in tellurite bulk glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2007; 353(8-10):990-992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.12.103.
11. Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Kuan K, Oermann MR, Knight K and Monro TM. Extruded tellurite glass and fibers with low OH content for mid-infrared applications. Optical Materials Express. 2012; 2(4):432-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.2.000432.
12. Wang PF, Li WN, Peng B and Lu M. Effect of dehydration techniques on the fluorescence spectral features and OH absorption of heavy metals containing fluoride tellurite glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2012; 358(4):788-793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.12.029.
13. Navarra G, Iliopoulos I, Militello V, Rotolo SG and Leone M. OH-related infrared absorption bands in oxide glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2005; 351(21-23):1796-1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.04.018.
14. Kamalaker V, Upender G, Ramesh C and Mouli VC. Raman spectroscopy, thermal and optical properties of TeO2-ZnO-Nb2O5-Nd2O3 glasses. Spectrochimica Acta. Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2012; 89:149-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.12.057. PMid:22261103.
15. Callister WD Jr. Materials science and engineering: an introduction. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2000.
16. Shaltout I, Tang Y, Braunstein R and Abu-Elazm AM. Structural studies of tungstate-tellurite glasses by raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 1995; 56(1):141-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(94)00150-2.
17. Upender G, Bharadwaj S, Awasthi AM and Chandra Mouli V. Glass transition temperature-structural studies of tungstate tellurite glasses. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2009; 118(2-3):298-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.07.058.
18. Hager IZ and El-Mallawany R. Preparation and structural studies in the (70-x)TeO2-20WO3-10Li2O-xLn2O3 glasses. Journal of Materials Science. 2010; 45(4):897-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-4017-3.
19. Jlassi I, Elhouichet H and Ferid M. Thermal and optical properties of tellurite glasses doped erbium. Journal of Materials Science. 2011; 46(3):806-812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4820-x.
20. Ersundu AE, Çelikbilek M and Aydin S. Characterization of B2O3 and/or WO3 containing tellurite glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2012; 358(3):641-647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.11.012.
21. Nazabal V, Todoroki S, Nukui A, Matsumoto T, Suehara S, Hondo T, et al. Oxyfluoride tellurite glasses doped by erbium: thermal analysis, structural organization and spectral properties. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2003; 325(1-3):85-102.
22. Liao G, Chen Q, Xing J, Gebavi H, Milanese D, Fokine M, et al. Preparation and characterization of new fluorotellurite glasses for photonics application. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2009; 355:447-452.
23. Hager IZ, El-Mallawany R and Bulou A. Luminescence spectra and optical properties of TeO2-WO3-Li2O glasses doped with Nd, Sm and Er rare earth ions. Physica B: Condensed Matter. 2011; 406:972-980.
24. Efimov AM, Kostyreva TG and Sycheva GA. Water-related IR absorption spectra for alkali zinc pyrophosphate glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1998; 238:124-142.
25. O’Donnell MD, Miller CA, Furniss D, Tikhomirov VK and Seddonet AB. Fluorotellurite glasses with improved mid-infrared transmission. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2003; 331:48-57.
26. Massera J, Haldeman A, Jackson J, Rivero-Baleine C, Petit L and Richardson K. Processing of tellurite-based glass with low OH content. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2011; 94(1):130-136.
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